I have acquired the knowledge necessary to conduct both z-tests and t-tests using python. In the context of a normal distribution, a fundamental requirement for performing a z-test is that the sample size is either equal to or exceeds 30, and furthermore, the population standard deviation must be known. It is imperative to understand that when the test statistic surpasses the critical value indicated by the stated decision rule using the z-table, it leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. In cases where information about the population standard deviation is unavailable, the one-sample t-test is employed. For this test, critical values are referenced from the t-table instead.